Notes From an Exhibition - Patrick Gale

Harper Perennial

This was a wonderful book, beautifully written, thought provoking and touching about an artist with bi-polar disorder and the caring husband that loved and nurtured her throughout her life. It also showed her four children and how her illness impacted on their lives. It is written haphazzardly in chapters as if the reader is traveling through the exhibition looking at the paintings of the protagonist. Each picture has notes which reveals the story within that particular chapter. It's a very original read. It also depicts Cornwall beautifully. I'm always put off when these books appear in Richard and Judy's Book Club, however, I'd advise anyone to put those snobbish thoughts behind them and pick up this book. I loved it.

The Thirteenth Tale - Diane Setterfield

Orion Fiction

Although I didn't enjoy this book I do appreciate that it was well written. The tempo was miserable throughout and made the reader feel uncomfortable right the way through until the end. There were however, twists and turns that surprised the reader.

It was narrated by a third person who was writing the autobiography of the protagonist Miss Vida Winters. It was difficult to work out the fantasy from the reality at first, but it did all become apparent in the end. The ending was neatly tied up, but begged a few questions such as "what time period was the piece set in?" There were parallels between the narrator and the protagonist and an empathy for them was created through the narrative. Essentially I felt it was a tale of lonliness and generations of tragedy (as per Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte).

Keys to Good Short Stories

Nothing is wasted - don't throw anything away

short stories from 800 - 7000 words

the "magic in your mind" is the ingredient that will add quality to your work

the idea must excite you - your theme

believable characters

first or third person? first person is easier

dialogue is essential

a good opening

conflict

suspense

stick to the main story line

let the story speak for itself - no long explanations

a satisfactory ending (not necessarily a happy one)

What to Watch Out For

Incorrect grammar and punctuation

Cliches

Sentimentality

Clumsy phrases

Use of adjectives - sometimes deaden rather than enhance

What makes a believable character?

* authentic language
* clothes
* lifestyle
* history/background - good character profiles
* eccentricities - behaviour

Tips on Creative Writing

1. Find a hook to grasp the attention of your reader, listener, viewer

2. A short story is more compact than a novel so you will need to be more eco- nomical with description.

3. There is no need to reveal the ending - let the reader anticipate
focus on one event

4. A short story requires conflict whether it's just in the character's mind or not. There needs to be a build up of dranatic tension

5. The plot is like the skeleton - it's a series of events that happen

Ways to reveal character traits:-

* through dialogue

* by putting them into a situation - how do they respond to that situation

* Names/nicknames tell the reader about the character

* how they reveal their emotions tells the reader about the character

* their possessions, their job, etc.

Mrs Dalloway - Virginia Woolf
Penguin Classics 1996

This classic piece of modernist literature parallels a single day in the lives of two people, Clarissa Dalloway from the socially elite, and Septimus Warren Smith, a shell shocked veteran from Word War 1. It was written in 1924 and originally called The Hours, about which a film was made showing the lives of Virginia Woolf and the character of Clarissa Dalloway.

Virginia Woolf used the "stream of consciousness" which was a term first used in literature by a review of a novel by Dorothy Richardson, by May Sinclair in 1918. It is a style that was used by Katherine Mansfield too where the character examines the experience and emotions of their inner lives. Woolf was able to move back and forth in time in her narrative in order to build the characters.

She criticises a society in which women were repressed and the handling of mental illness, of which she was a sufferer. She had many bouts of mental illness following the death of her parents, and in 1941 she filled her pockets with heavy stones, walked into the river and drowned.

The book moves unnanounced between the two main characters.

Virginia Woolf set up "The Bloomsbury Group", a community of modernist writers and artists, following her job as a book critic for the Times Literary Supplement.

Mr Pip - Lloyd Jones
(John Murray Publishers 2007)

I loved this book, the story of which was set on a tropical island in the South Pacific during a civil war.

It is written through the eyes of Matilda, a child, who hasn't been to school for some time due to the conflict on the island. The only white inhabitant is Mr Watts, whom is nicknamed Popeye. Mr Watts decides that the children need schooling but only has Great Expectations with which to teach them. From this they learn so much about life. He encourages the childrens' uneducated parents to come into the class to teach the children what they know about life and encourages the children to find their own voice (p107). He teaches the children that no matter what happens, nobody can remove their imagination.

Matilda witnesses the murder of her mother and there is a wonderful description of her fear being "preternaturally calm" which is "what deep, deep fear does for you", P173.

The children seem mesmerised by Great Expectations and when the book disappears they try to reassemble it using their memory and imagination. There are echoes of the story of Great Expectation that run through the lives of the inhabitants on the Island, for example, Matilda's father has gone to work in Australia, so she imagines that he was rescued by a Jaggers type character.

It is colourful and evocative and the story is shown rather than told through the use of descriptive language and the characters of Matilda's mother and Mr Watts, two very important characters in the life of Matilda.

Theory of LOCK

Does the plot connect with the readers?

You need to transport them through your story by the use of the theory of LOCK

L - Lead character

O - Objective (driving force, one dominant objective)

C - Confrontation (there needs to be some sort of confrontation to make the story
interesting. It could be a confrontation within one character even

K - Knockout (the fight to win or lose or overcome the problem)

There needs to be some sort of conflict and some sort of resolution

Great Quotes

"fiction is just truth with lies" (Writing from Research - coursebook)

"childhood's senior citizen" (Writing from Research - coursebook)

(The Child that Books Built)

"Research liberates your fiction"

NOTES ON WHAT I HAVE LEARNED ....

1. That details can play such a great part in creating images, for example, naming a flower, saying the vase of bright red tuplips, rather than the vase of flowers is much more effective as a way of placing an image in the reader's mind.

2. That research is necessary because nobody can be an expert on absolutely everything. It is not necessary to research extensively for a fictional piece, but just throwing in 3 facts can add authenticity to your work.

3. To redraft and keep redrafting your work. It improves over time. Once your piece is written and you have checked for spelling and grammatical errors, put it aside for a few days before re-reading it with a fresh eye. Try to read it as a reader and not as the author in order to understand how it will be received.

4. Keep a journal or notebook in order to jot down observations in your daily life. They can often come in use at a later date. Jot down conversations, sounds, emotions and even random ideas. When you are stuck at a later date you can refer to these.

5. If you've had problems writing a piece, write down those problems, ie, moving on the plot, time, setting, place, etc, so that you know how you overcame them when you meet the same problem another time.

6. Learn to read as a writer, rather than understanding the characters, begin to dismantle the piece in order to find out how an author constructed it. How did he build the character? How did he evoke passion?

7. Show don't tell.......show that the girl was thin rather than tell your reader. You can do this by talking about her oversized clothes hanging off her frame, etc. Let the reader draw their own conclusions and build up a mental picture of the girl and her character. Show that she is angry with dialogue, or by description of her bulging eyes, red face, etc.

8. Write detailed and honest self evaluations so that you can learn from them.

9. Try different writing styles in order to find your own voice. This can be fun. It is often easier to stay within your own comfort zone and on a topic that you feel comfortable with, but experiment.

10. Accurate citation and bibliography is imperative to avoid plagiarism, etc.

11. Read on a wide range of subjects and by a wide range of authors. This will impact on your writing.

First They Killed my Father

The Book Thief - Markus Zusak



Doubleday



*****





Wow - what a fantastic read. What a brave writer to use a non-human to narrate this wonderful and moving story. Markus Zusak breaks so many conventions in writing this book. Firstly, he gives away facts at the beginning of chapters. These incorporate information about the chapter to follow. I believe it lessons the need to elaborate. Secondly, he tells the reader what is going to happen later in the book. The marrator says he does this because he "doesn't have much interest in building mystery." He says that there's "so much story" anyhow and has a discussion with the reader.



The protagonist is a young German girl who is fostered by a couple and it is the story of her and the neighbours on Himmel Street, in Molching, Munich during the second world war. It is told beautifully and touchingly about an eleven year old who's mother has to give her up. She is a girl who sees so much suffering and death and a girl with a passion for reading. This is a skill that she learns quite late, taught to her by her poorly educated forster father - "Papa" whome she adores.



It portrays her growing friendship with Rudy, her neighbour and compatriot in her "stealing" and her deep connection with Max, a Jew who the family keep hidden in their basement. The narrator is the collector or souls after the bodies have died.



He points o ut about human frailties, human kindness, and cruelty and what makes us human and inhumane.



It's a must read.

Purple Hibiscus - Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie
plublished by Harper's Perennial

Purple Hibiscus was a great and easy read on my long flight to Vietnam. I did have to question myself as to why I was reading another book set in Nigeria rather than Graham Greene's "the Quiet America" that was inspired by his stay in Hanoi, in the same Hotel that I was staying in for the first night. However, Chimanda Ngozi Adichie wont critical acclaim for her first book by being shortlisted for the Orange prize for fiction.

She portrays clearly, adolescence in a wealthy Nigerian family, living in fear yet respect of a draconian father, who is violent towards her, her mother and brother, yet an extremely observant Charholic, a philanthropist and successful businessman. She lives a very repressed life until she visits her aunt (her father's sister) and stays with her noisy cousins who laugh a lot. She develops a crush on the local father Amadi, a young missionary who shows kindness and concern for her.

The book is enjoyable, yet brutal with a use of metaphor it depicts a clear image of the life of this adolescent Kambili.

She was brought up with rigidity, severity and schedules and unused to interaction with other children so that she was overawed at her aunts when she met the noisy neighbours "a blur of food stained clothes and fast words".

The title is significant as "purple hibiscus is rare, fragrant with the undertones of freedom". Jaja, Kimbili's brother transplants some from his aunts and they are ultimately liberated from their father.

In the light of a social commentary it was interesting to learn that in Nigeria "it's not proper to let an older person do your chores".

It also depicts the politics at the time with a coup, and the new President who was not elected and Kambili's father voiced through his newspaper his political views that he should be known as Head of State. He "paid people to transport heroin abroad". It was a time that soldiers would whip women in the market and she describes the brutality of the soldiers which matched the brutality of her father.

The author was born in Nigeria in 1977 and this was her first novel.

Untold Stories - Alan Bennett (Faber)

*****

What a wonderful opening to Alan Bennett's memoirs.

"cancer is not a career move" - he feels that his memoirs went by almost unnoticed because he didn't play on the fact that he had cancer when he wrote them. He describes the writing of them as a "laxative"!

He says that autobiography requires no plot.

His memoir opens with setting, describing the landscape as you come north out of Leeds by train. As a former Leodensian, I can see and smell that landscape. Then he moves back to 1966 with some dialogue by the Mental Health Welfare Officer. he refers to his mother as "mam" and the Yorkshire accent is apparent via the dialogue.

He describes his mother's depression and how his father was her carer. He feels that the term "carer" is a modern term and it's actually more the role entitled "coper". His mother imagined people and hid and this fed his ideas for aplay. he's candid in his admission of a lack of tolerance of his mother's irrational behavriour, which would leave him on the "brink of violence".

He describes the noise that he faced when entering the hospital where his mother was incarcerated. He describes the disarray of a Hogarth print.

He writes touchingly with echoes of humour and sadness.

The fact that the family had covered up his maternal grandfather's suicide for 40 years, he felt that it made his own family more exciting! He'd said that there had previously been little material to draw upon for his writing.

Frankenstein - Mary Shelley (Penguin Classics)

Not having previously been a fan of the horror genre, I firstly read Frankenstein as an A Level student and subsequently for pleasure. It possesses all the classic conventions of a gothic novel, pathetic fallacy, where the weather symbolizes prophecy and romanticism. However, the novel has many other ingredients that contribute to making it sustain the passages of time. One of those factors is that we judge people on appearance and the image of Frankenstein's monster is horrific. Also, with medical advancements Mary Shelley's original idea in 1816 may not be so far fetched almost 200 years later. It throws up issues of medical ethics. Shelley was around 18 when she wrote this book and the writing reflects her youth and naivety. For example hopw did the creature arrive and how did he mature? He was said to be over 8ft, so how would he be able to have been created from human bones? "I became myself capable of bestowing animation upon lifeless matter". What is quite remarkable about this book is the fact that Mary Shelley wrote it as a challenge whilst in the mountains in Switzerland, telling ghost stories with her husband Percy Shelley and Lord Byron. The story is told through 3 narrators and the reader needs to decide which character is the one that they trust.

The Girl in the Picture - Denise Chong (Scribner non fiction) (November 2007) **** Having rarely read non-fiction for pleasure, I was more than pleasantly surprised to read this moving account of a victim of the Vietnam War, Kim Phuc. The book was lent to me by a friend that heard I was going to be visiting Vietnam. It gave great insight to everyday life in South Vietnam and also the social, political and economical structures during the late 1960's and early 1970's. Kim Phuc was to become the most famous face of the Vietnam War. She was 9 years old when she was severely burned in a napalm attack in her village in South Vietnam and she was photographed running naked away from the attack. The photographer caught her fear and pain and this helped turn public opinion against the war. It's a true account which describes her family and the history that was being made at the time. I loved the quote by her aunt "if you kneel down life is a mountain; if you stand up life is at your feet". It is told as an account in the third person and describes the many years of rehabilitation that followed the attack, which although it was told without emotion it was nevertheless, heartwrenching. It was also interesting to hear how she was manipulated by the ruling authorities as she continued to be of world interest. I also knew nothing about the religion that she was originally born into, Caodai, so that was very interesting. She subsequently changed to Christianity where she received many of the answers to her questions, much to her mother's bitter disappointment. She finally managed to defect to Canada which is where she lives to this day with her husband and children.

A Thousand Splendid Suns - Khaled Hosseini - Bloomsbury

****

Having loved the Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini's previous bestseller, I lovingly held onto this new book, till I had a decent train journey, whereby I could get a good, long, uninterrupted start. As I opened the book, a fellow passenger who was sitting opposite me asked if I'd read the Kite Runner. I begrudgingly looked up from my first page, and admitted that I'd really enjoyed it. He proceeded to tell me that he'd been at the publisher's house the night before and his wife had been presented with a copy of it, and been assured that it was an even better read than Hosseini's previous book. "Oh great", I said, hoping I could just stick my nose back into my book and wouldn't have to make polite conversation for the rest of my journey.

This book, like its predecessor is set in Afghanistan during the rule of the Taliban. You can feel the fear and brutality on the streets and the despair amongst the women. It portrays poverty, and cruelty, and the bullying by Rasheed of his two wives and children. It's a tale of love triumphing over evil but moreover, it's a story of an unlikely friendship, told beautifully and with feeling. Courageous Mariam who was prepared to give up her own life for that of Laila's and Laila's children.

The book gives an insight into how Afghanistant people were forced to flee their homes and their country and settle in Pakistan and Iran. Today more than 2 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan.

The title of the novel comes from a seventeenth century Persian Poet, Saeb-e-Tabrizi. Khaled Hosseini was born in Kabul, Afghanistan but moved to the United Sates in 1980.

A Fine Balance - Rohinton Mistry
(November 2007)

*****

This epic explores the effects of the state of emergency on the lives of ordinary people in 1970's India. It was shortlisted for the Booker Prize . Although Rohinton Mistry was living in Canada at that time, he wrote the book after returning to Bombay twenty years later. He had planned to write a short novel which began "with the image of a woman at a sweing machine ....As I began writing, though, the story grew, and I found myself getting interested in other details of the characters' lives". This aspect interested me in that he hadn't planned the story exactly but let it run with his imagination. It gives a great insight into Bombay and into village life in that era. He has been compared to Tolstoy and Dickens but explains that he was never particularly drawn to these authors, but prefered American writers like Cheever and Updike. The ending of the book, although not happy, is one of hope for a better future.

It tells the story of a seamstress who sets up in business after the death of her husband. As her eyes begin to fail, she recruits two tailors, Ishvar and Om, Ishvar's nephew. She then takes in a paying guest, a student named Maneck.

The story explores the lives of the characters that inhabit it and is extremely descriptive, with touches of wit.